Posing the productive questions
All valid orthographic investigation must begin with morphological analysis. The reason is fundamental.
Morphology is the defining and delimiting component of the conceptual hierarchy; orthographic units are contained within, and do not cross or straddle, morphological boundaries.
We begin by ensuring that we investigate this spelling element by element.
- In the spelling < love > there are no possible prefixes or suffixes.
- The word is not a compound.
- It is, therefore, a single element.
We can now proceed to determine the orthographic phonology of this base.
Phonological analysis
Phonological analysis first identifies an element’s component phonemes. The spelling < love > represents the pronunciation / lᴧv / whose analysis as three single-phone phonemes is straightforward.
Assigning the ‘default’ grapheme corresponding to each phoneme gives the phonological representation < luv > that only partially corresponds to the standard spelling < love >.
The questions that need to be resolved can be represented like this.
First, we will establish the justification for the non-phonological final < e >

The orthographic content of this site is copyright ©1999-2025 by Real Spelling and Pascal Mira. All rights reserved. Permission to publish their content was granted by Real Spelling to M. Berman in 2019. The content required for the website's operation is copyright ©2019-2025 by M. Berman, all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except for use by the subscriber's children or classes, without the prior written permission of the publisher or in accordance with the Copyright, Design, and Patents Act 1988. The material on this site is for the exclusive use of the subscribers to the site, and their children and students. Copyright holders are not responsible for your misuse of the English language nor any damages ensuing from that misuse.